Fire Ants Expand Range Across Tennessee Counties
Residents should recognize the signs of an allergic reaction as these insects continue to spread across the state.
Updated on Sept. 20, 2026 in Allergies
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Fire ants have now become established in 87 counties across Tennessee, increasingly appearing in open grassy areas. These insects, which have been present in the state for decades, are spread through human activity involving landscaping materials and heavy equipment.
Why it matters
Understanding fire ant activity is important for residents in infested areas, as the insects can trigger severe health reactions. Warm weather increases their activity, making encounters more likely for those spending time outdoors.
Surveillance shows 87 counties in Tennessee are now infested, with 97% of people experiencing local burning and pustules after a sting. Research indicates that 1% to 3% of the population remains hypersensitive to the venom, which can lead to anaphylactic shock.
The details
Fire ants are physically identified by a two-segmented waist and 10-segmented antennae, typically building recognizable dome-shaped mounds. They are transported to new properties when newly mated queens land on soil or when infested landscaping materials and heavy equipment are moved between sites. The venom they inject upon stinging causes the characteristic burning sensation and pustule formation, with severe allergic reactions occurring in a small subset of the population.
Timeline
Fire ants have been established throughout Tennessee over the past several decades.
Health Landscape
This infestation follows the long-term trend of fire ants expanding their range into more northern regions. The development reflects a broader pattern in public health where climate and human movement allow invasive species to become permanent fixtures in local ecosystems.
If you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction like difficulty breathing or swelling after a sting, seek emergency medical care immediately. It is worth discussing with your doctor whether you are at risk for hypersensitivity or if you should carry an epinephrine auto-injector.
The takeaway
Recognizing the distinct dome-shaped mounds can help you avoid contact with these ants in your yard. If you or a family member have a known allergy to insect venom, consult your physician about your emergency action plan.
Further reading
For more on managing reactions to insect stings, visit our guide on Allergies.
Source note: This article includes information reported by The Cool Down.
Live Poll
Is now a good time to begin routine property inspections for invasive fire ant mounds?
