Hemorrhagic Disease Affected Virginia Deer Populations
State wildlife officials confirmed cases of the viral illness in deer, though there is no risk to humans or pets.
Updated on Sept. 22, 2026 in Diseases — General
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The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources recorded suspected cases of hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer throughout the summer, with confirmed deaths in Orange County and Alexandria. The illness poses no threat to human or pet health.
Why it matters
Abnormally dry weather conditions during the summer fueled the spread of this often-fatal virus. Understanding the pattern of these outbreaks helps the public identify and report suspected cases to state wildlife authorities.
State wildlife surveillance indicates 4 to 5 suspected cases are being reported daily, with 2 confirmed deer deaths across the state. The exact scope of the impact beyond these initial reports is still being determined by field observations.
The players
Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources
The state agency responsible for monitoring wildlife health and managing the Virginia deer population.
The details
The virus is transmitted to white-tailed deer through the bites of small midges that thrive in mud flats created by receding water levels. Infected deer typically display lethargy, difficulty breathing, and noticeable swelling around the head. The transmission cycle depends heavily on environmental factors, specifically the presence of breeding grounds for the midges during dry spells.
Timeline
June 30 marked the first report of a potential hemorrhagic disease case.
Symptomatic deer were sighted throughout early August.
The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources issued a news release in early September.
Midge activity is expected to cease following a freeze in October or November.
Health Landscape
This season's outbreak follows a historical pattern of viral spread driven by environmental conditions. It highlights the continued risk the disease poses to deer populations compared to the 50% mortality rate recorded in 2014.
There is no risk to humans or pets from this virus, so no specific personal health precautions are necessary. If you encounter a deer appearing lethargic or showing signs of illness, you can report it to the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources at 855-571-9003.
The takeaway
While hemorrhagic disease is fatal to deer, it is not transmissible to humans or domestic animals. Residents who see symptomatic wildlife in affected counties are encouraged to call the DWR Wildlife Helpline at 855-571-9003 to assist with state monitoring efforts.
Further reading
For more information on wildlife health trends, visit the Diseases — General section.
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